Harness the Combinatoric Power of Command-Line Tools and Utilities
Convert FLAC to MP3 using the CLI
Published December 27, 2022 and last verified on March 9, 2024
If you’ve downloaded an album from your favorite artist in a lossless format like FLAC but need to produce MP3 files so you can use them in a portable player or upload them to a music service, you can use a little Bash scripting and some CLI tools to convert the files quickly.
In this tutorial you’ll use the flac and lame command-line tools to transcode the files. You’ll write a Bash script to capture the metadata from the FLAC file and add it to the MP3 you create.
What You Need
To complete this tutorial on macOS, you’ll need Homebrew installed, which you can do by following the Install Homebrew tutorial.
Install the tools
You’ll need both the flac
and lame
command-line tools.
On macOS, you can use Homebrew to install flac
with the following command:
brew install flac
To install lame
, execute this command:
brew install lame
On Ubuntu, you’ll use the apt
package manager to install both. First update your list of sources:
sudo apt update
Then install both flac
and lame
:
sudo apt install -y lame flac
With both tools installed, you can write a script to decode the FLAC file and convert it to an MP3.
Create the Script
Create the file ~/bin/flac2mp3
and add the following contents to the file which read through a list of files, extract any metadata from the files, and convert the file to an MP3:
#!/usr/bin/env bash
for f in "$@"
do
[[ "$f" != *.flac ]] && continue
album="$(metaflac --show-tag=album "$f" | sed 's/[^=]*=//')"
artist="$(metaflac --show-tag=artist "$f" | sed 's/[^=]*=//')"
date="$(metaflac --show-tag=date "$f" | sed 's/[^=]*=//')"
title="$(metaflac --show-tag=title "$f" | sed 's/[^=]*=//')"
year="$(metaflac --show-tag=date "$f" | sed 's/[^=]*=//')"
genre="$(metaflac --show-tag=genre "$f" | sed 's/[^=]*=//')"
tracknumber="$(metaflac --show-tag=tracknumber "$f" | sed 's/[^=]*=//')"
flac --decode --stdout "$f" | lame --preset extreme --add-id3v2 --tt "$title" --ta "$artist" --tl "$album" --ty "$year" --tn "$tracknumber" --tg "$genre" - "${f%.flac}.mp3"
done
The script loops over all of the arguments passed in, which should be a list of files. It then extracts the metadata like the title, artist, and track number from existing information in the FLAC file. It then decodes the file and sends the output to lame
, using the extracted metadata as inputs. The new file will be saved with the same name, but with the .mp3
extension.
Save the file.
Now make the script executable so you can run it without specifying the interpreter:
chmod +x ~/bin/flac2mp3
You can now try the script out.
Convert the Files
Run the script on a Flac file by passing the file to the script you created:
~/bin/flac2mp3 myfile.flac
This produces an MP3 file with the metadata preserved:
flac 1.3.4
Copyright (C) 2000-2009 Josh Coalson, 2011-2016 Xiph.Org Foundation
flac comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you are
welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions. Type `flac' for details.
myfile.flac: done
LAME 3.100 64bits (http://lame.sf.net)
polyphase lowpass filter disabled
Encoding <stdin> to myfile.mp3
Encoding as 44.1 kHz j-stereo MPEG-1 Layer III VBR(q=0)
The script supports multiple files too, so you can pass them by separating each file with a space:
~/bin/flac2mp3 myfile.flac my_other_file.flac
If you have a whole directory of files to convert, this can be cumbersome. Instead of passing every file in manually, use the find
command with its -exec
argument to build up the file list:
find . -name "*.flac" -exec bash ~/bin/flac2mp3 {} +
This searches for all the flac
files in the current directory and uses the -exec
option to run the script. The {}
symbols are the placeholder for the filename to use, and the +
sign combines the arguments into a single argument rather than running the script once per file. Remember, the script accepts multiple files.